At 5/19/08 06:36 PM, TheSouthernTower wrote:which series just needs to die already?i have played the series (dynasty warriors) up to dynasty warriors 4, and legends. I think for the most part the series is getting better with each game. I own DW 1,2,3, and 4, and when i am bored i play DW 1 for a while. Then i jump to DW 4.
The difference in gameplay (even little shit like being able to pick up powerups without dismounting) graphics (there is a higher pixel level per screen by far) and level amount (like 3 levels of DW4 for 1 level in each of the other games) is stunning.i have only played one armored core game. It was fun, but not addicting. Dynasty warriors is definitely addicting.
The mound where the tomb is locatedThe construction of the tomb was described by historian (145–90 BCE) in, the first of China's 24 dynastic histories, which was written a century after the mausoleum's completion. Work on the mausoleum began in 246 BCE soon after Emperor (then aged 13) ascended the throne, and the project eventually involved 700,000 workers. Geographer, writing six centuries after the first emperor's death, recorded in that Mount Li was a favoured location due to its auspicious geology, 'famed for its jade mines, its northern side was rich in gold, and its southern side rich in beautiful jade; the first emperor, covetous of its fine reputation, therefore chose to be buried there'. Sima Qian wrote that the first emperor was buried with palaces, towers, officials, valuable artifacts and wondrous objects. According to this account, 100 flowing rivers were simulated using mercury, and above them the ceiling was decorated with heavenly bodies below which were the features of the land. Some translations of this passage refer to 'models' or 'imitations'; however, those words were not used in the original text, which makes no mention of the terracotta army. High levels of mercury were found in the soil of the tomb mound, giving credence to Sima Qian's account.
Depends on what you were afraid of. The Aztecs and other ancient Mexicans wore elaborate plumed costumes, including helmets resembling the heads of wild beasts, and their faces painted. Face painting was also used by the Picts and many Native Amer.
Later historical accounts suggested that the complex and tomb itself had been looted by, a contender for the throne after the death of the first emperor. However, there are indications that the tomb itself may not have been plundered. DiscoveryThe Terracotta Army was discovered on 29 March 1974 by farmers digging a water well approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the Qin Emperor's tomb mound at (Lishan), a region riddled with underground springs and watercourses. For centuries, occasional reports mentioned pieces of terracotta figures and fragments of the Qin – roofing tiles, bricks and chunks of masonry. This discovery prompted Chinese archaeologists, including, to investigate, revealing the largest pottery figurine group ever found. A museum complex has since been constructed over the area, the largest pit being enclosed by a roofed structure. Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, Hall 1The Terracotta Army is part of a much larger.
Ground-penetrating radar and core sampling have measured the area to be approximately 98 square kilometers (38 square miles).The necropolis was constructed as a microcosm of the emperor's imperial palace or compound, and covers a large area around the tomb mound of the first emperor. The earthen tomb mound is located at the foot of Mount Li and built in a shape, and is surrounded by two solidly built walls with gateway entrances. The necropolis consists of several offices, halls, stables, other structures as well as an imperial park placed around the tomb mound.The warriors stand guard to the east of the tomb. Up to 5 metres (16 ft) of reddish, sandy soil had accumulated over the site in the two millennia following its construction, but archaeologists found evidence of earlier disturbances at the site. During the excavations near the Mount Li burial mound, archaeologists found several graves dating from the 18th and 19th centuries, where diggers had apparently struck terracotta fragments.
These were discarded as worthless and used along with soil to backfill the excavations. View of Pit 1, the largest excavation pit of the Terracotta ArmyFour main pits approximately 7 metres (23 ft) deep have been excavated. These are located approximately 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) east of the burial mound. The soldiers within were laid out as if to protect the tomb from the east, where the Qin Emperor's conquered states lay.Pit 1Pit 1, which is 230 metres (750 ft) long and 62 metres (203 ft) wide, contains the main army of more than 6,000 figures. Pit 1 has eleven corridors, most more than 3 metres (10 ft) wide and paved with small bricks with a wooden ceiling supported by large beams and posts. This design was also used for the tombs of nobles and would have resembled palace hallways when built.
The wooden ceilings were covered with reed mats and layers of clay for waterproofing, and then mounded with more raising them about 2 to 3 metres (6 ft 7 in to 9 ft 10 in) above the surrounding ground level when completed. OthersPit 2 has cavalry and infantry units as well as and is thought to represent a military guard. Pit 3 is the command post, with high-ranking officers and a war chariot. Pit 4 is empty, perhaps left unfinished by its builders.Some of the figures in Pits 1 and 2 show fire damage, while remains of burnt ceiling rafters have also been found. These, together with the missing weapons, have been taken as evidence of the reported looting by Xiang Yu and the subsequent burning of the site, which is thought to have caused the roof to collapse and crush the army figures below. The terracotta figures currently on display have been restored from the fragments.Other pits that formed the necropolis have also been excavated.
These pits lie within and outside the walls surrounding the tomb mound. They variously contain bronze carriages, terracotta figures of entertainers such as acrobats and strongmen, officials, stone armour suits, burial sites of horses, rare animals and labourers, as well as bronze cranes and ducks set in an underground park. A terracotta soldierThe terracotta figures are life-sized. They vary in height, uniform, and hairstyle in accordance with rank.
Their faces appear to be different for each individual figure; scholars, however, have identified 10 basic face shapes. The figures are of these general types: armored; unarmored infantry; who wear a pillbox hat; helmeted drivers of chariots with more armor protection; spear-carrying charioteers; kneeling crossbowmen or archers who are armored; standing archers who are not; as well as generals and other lower-ranking officers. There are, however, many variations in the uniforms within the ranks: for example, some may wear shin pads while others not; they may wear either long or short trousers, some of which may be padded; and their body armors vary depending on rank, function, and position in formation.
There are also terracotta horses placed among the warrior figures. Recreated figures of an archer and an officer, showing how they would have looked when paintedOriginally, the figures were painted with: ground precious stones, intensely fired bones (white), pigments of (dark red), (red), (green), (blue), (black), (Chinese purple or Han purple), tree sap from a nearby source, (more than likely from the ) (brown). Other colors including pink, lilac and one unknown color. The colored lacquer finish and individual facial features would have given the figures a realistic feel, with eyebrows and facial hair in black and the faces done in pink.However, in 's dry climate, much of the color coating would flake off in less than four minutes after removing the mud surrounding the army.Some scholars have speculated a possible link to these sculptures, because of the lack of life-sized and realistic sculptures before the Qin dynasty. They argued that potential Greek influence is particularly evident in some terracotta figures such as those of acrobats, combined with findings of European DNA in Xinjiang and rare bronze artifacts made with a lost wax technique known in Greece and Egypt.
However, this idea is disputed by scholars who claim that there is 'no substantial evidence at all' for contact between ancient Greeks and Chinese builders of the tomb. They argue that such speculations rest on flawed and old 'Eurocentric' ideas that assumed other civilizations were incapable of sophisticated artistry and thus foreign artistry must be seen through western traditions. ConstructionThe terracotta army figures were manufactured in workshops by government laborers and local craftsmen using local materials. Heads, arms, legs, and torsos were created separately and then assembled by the pieces together. When completed, the terracotta figures were placed in the pits in precise military formation according to rank and duty.The faces were created using, and at least ten face molds may have been used. Clay was then added after assembly to provide individual facial features to make each figure appear different. It is believed that the warriors' legs were made in much the same way that terracotta drainage pipes were manufactured at the time.
This would classify the process as production, with specific parts manufactured and assembled after being fired, as opposed to crafting one solid piece and subsequently firing it. In those times of tight imperial control, each workshop was required to inscribe its name on items produced to ensure quality control. This has aided modern historians in verifying which workshops were commandeered to make tiles and other mundane items for the terracotta army.Weaponry. Bronze swordMost of the figures originally held real weapons, which would have increased their realism.
The majority of these weapons were looted shortly after the creation of the army or have rotted away. Despite this, over 40,000 bronze items of weaponry have been recovered, including swords, daggers, spears, lances, battle-axes, scimitars, shields, crossbows, and crossbow triggers. Most of the recovered items are arrowheads, which are usually found in bundles of 100 units.
Studies of these arrowheads suggests that they were produced by self-sufficient, autonomous workshops using a process referred to as cellular production. Some weapons were coated with a 10–15 micrometer layer of before burial that was believed to have protected them from any form of decay for the last 2200 years. However, research in 2019 indicated that the chromium was merely contamination from nearby lacquer, not a means of protecting the weapons. The slightly alkaline pH and small particle size of the burial soil most likely preserved the weapons.The swords contain an alloy of copper, tin, and other elements including nickel, magnesium, and cobalt. Some carry inscriptions that date their manufacture to between 245 and 228 BCE, indicating that they were used before burial. Scientific researchIn 2007, scientists at and the facility in Berkeley, California, reported that experiments combined with and analysis showed that the process of producing terracotta figures colored with dye consisting of was derived from the knowledge gained by alchemists in their attempts to synthesize ornaments.Since 2006, an international team of researchers at the have been using techniques to uncover more details about the production techniques employed in the creation of the Terracotta Army.
Using spectrometry of 40,000 bronze bundled in groups of 100, the researchers reported that the arrowheads within a single bundle formed a relatively tight cluster that was different from other bundles. In addition, the presence or absence of metal impurities was consistent within bundles.
Based on the arrows’ chemical compositions, the researchers concluded that a system similar to the one used in a modern factory, as opposed to a continuous in the early days of the automobile industry, was employed.Grinding and polishing marks visible under a provide evidence for the earliest industrial use of for polishing.